Taurasi historical town
PRIN 2022 | NextGenerationEU

H-SMA-CE

A Decision Support System for Sustainable Circular Economy Transition in Italian Historical Small Towns

Project Code

2022JZLL7J

Budget

€250,000

Period

2023-2026

CUP

UniMe J53D23009390006
UniOr C53D23004860006

The Project

Circular Economy for Historical Small Towns

The H-SMA-CE project (PRIN 2022, funded by MUR and NextGenerationEU) develops a Circular Economy (CE) model specifically designed for Italian historical small towns, known as borghi. The main objective is to design a Decision Support System (DSS) enabling local policymakers to plan and simulate the circular transition of their territory.

The research is structured around three macro-phases: Understanding (RA1 + RA2), consisting of empirical investigation of the Taurasi case study through Material Flow Analysis, stakeholder mapping, SWOT analysis, and systematic literature review; Evaluating (RA3), involving the construction of composite circularity indexes and multi-objective optimization applied to waste, energy, water, agriculture, and building heritage flows; Simulating (RA4), developing a spreadsheet-based DSS directly usable by policymakers.

The project adopts an interdisciplinary approach integrating management engineering, territorial economics, environmental analysis, and social sciences, aiming to bridge the gap between academic research on circular economy and its practical application in minor urban contexts.

Case Study

Taurasi: a Medieval Hill Town in Irpinia

The case study focuses on Taurasi, a medieval hill town located at 398 m a.s.l. in Irpinia (Campania, province of Avellino). The historic centre is dominated by the Castello Marchionale, a Lombard-era fortress that bears witness to centuries of historical layering. Taurasi is internationally renowned for its DOCG wine, the first from Campania, awarded in 1993, produced from Aglianico grapes by 17 active wineries. The production regulations require a minimum aging of 36 months, yielding notes of black cherry and licorice. Alongside viticulture, olive cultivation (Ravece variety) completes the agrarian landscape. The town hosts an annual Wine Fair and Film Festival, events that fuel a wine culture-centred framework for sustainable development.

Panoramic view of Taurasi
Taurasi historic centre

Taurasi, medieval hill town in Irpinia (Campania)

Taurasi vineyards and landscape
Research Activities

The Four Research Activities

RA1

Context Analysis

Empirical investigation of the Taurasi territory: primary and secondary data collection, Material Flow Analysis (MFA), stakeholder mapping, and SWOT analysis. Building the knowledge base for the circular transition.

RA2

Systematic Review & Framework

Systematic literature review on circular economy in historical small towns. Definition of a conceptual framework and identification of international best practices applicable to borghi.

RA3

Circularity Indexes & Optimization

Development of composite circularity indexes and multi-objective optimization models. Integrated analysis of waste, energy, water, agriculture, and historic building heritage flows.

RA4

Decision Support System

Design and implementation of a spreadsheet-based DSS for local policymakers. Simulation of circular transition scenarios with performance indicators and trade-off analysis.

Strategy

Three Pillars of Circular Transition

The project strategy rests on three complementary pillars, each addressing a key dimension of the circular economy transition in historical small towns.

Territory & Protected Heritage

Analysis and enhancement of historical-architectural heritage and agrarian landscape, with special attention to the conservation of borghi and traditional production chains as drivers for circularity.

Circularity Indexes & Optimization

Construction of composite indicators measuring the territorial circularity level and multi-objective optimization models to balance environmental, economic, and social sustainability.

DSS for Policymakers

An operational spreadsheet-based tool enabling policymakers to simulate scenarios, evaluate trade-offs, and plan circular economy interventions tailored to the specific reality of each borgo.

€250K

Funding

2

Research Units

8

Researchers

9

Publications

Output

Publications

A Decision Support System for Sustainable Circular Economy Transition in Italian Historical Small Towns: The H-SMA-CE Project

Ioppolo G., Calabrò G., Caristi G., Ciliberto C., Russo I., De Simone L., Lopes A., Arbolino R.

Sustainability 2026
DOI: 10.3390/su18073302

The Circular Economy Transition Within Historical Small Town: Preliminary Results

Ioppolo G., Caristi G., D'Alessandro C., Calabrò G., Szopik-Depczyńska K.

Springer Proceedings in Complexity 2026
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-78623-5_38

Smart Transition in Historical Small Towns: First Insights from a Digital Material Flow Assessment in the Italian Case Study of Taurasi

Ciliberto C., Calabrò G., Caristi G., Ioppolo G.

Springer Proceedings in Complexity 2026
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-09066-9_20

Unveiling Taurasi's Hidden Potential: A Wine Culture-Centered Framework for Sustainable Development and Circular Economy Transition in Historic Small Towns

Ciliberto C., Calabrò G., Caristi G., Arbolino R., Ioppolo G.

Sustainability 2025
DOI: 10.3390/su17135704

From Data Scarcity to Strategic Action: A Managerial Framework for Circular Economy Implementation in Mediterranean Small Towns

Licastro A., D'Alessandro C., Szopik-Depczyńska K., Arbolino R., Ioppolo G.

Sustainability 2025
DOI: 10.3390/su17146474

Analysing Italian Historical Small Towns: A Cultural and Geographic Mosaic of Identity

Ciliberto C., Ioppolo G., Caristi G., Calabrò G.

FEMIB 2025 Proceedings 2025
DOI: 10.5220/0013426600003956

Digital Transformation for Circular Economy: Business Process Innovation in Historic Small Towns - The Taurasi Case Study

Ciliberto C., Calabrò G., Caristi G., Ioppolo G.

Springer Proceedings (Forthcoming) 2025

Sustainable Circularity: Tracing Taurasi's Historical Small Town Resilience

Ciliberto C., Calabrò G., Caristi G., Ioppolo G.

XXXII Congresso Nazionale di Scienze Merceologiche 2024

A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Analysis of Waste Management Practices in Historical Small Towns: The Taurasi Case Study

Ioppolo G., Calabrò G.

Atti della Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti 2025
Team

Project Team

UniME, Lead Unit

  • PI Giuseppe Ioppolo
  • Grazia Calabrò
  • Giuseppe Caristi
  • Cristina Ciliberto

University of Naples "L'Orientale"

  • co-PI Roberta Arbolino
  • Antonio Lopes
  • Luisa De Simone
  • Ilaria Russo

Advisory Board

Advisor Katarzyna Szopik-Depczyńska, University of Szczecin, Poland